The method of plant tissue culture in photoautotrophic conditions has several advantages. Increasing survival rate of transferring in vitro plants to soil and decreasing of probability of fungal and bacterial contaminations are examples. However, steady injection of CO2 to the system is a major limitation, the use of containers surrounding by accumulated CO2 in growth chamber instead of CO2 enrichment removes the limitation. Actively growing shoot tips of micro propagated River Red Gum (Eucalyptus cammaldulensis) were used as explants, and sugar-and hormone - free MS medium at three levels (quarter, half and full) and Enshi medium, were used as media treatments in this study. Four types of supporting material were used: 2.0 gl-1 Gelrite, Foam material, 8.Og Vermiculite per culture vessel and 2.0 gl-1 Gelrite plus 6.0 9 vermiculite. All cultures were maintained for 26 days in the two growth chambers, using indirect CO2-enriched (3000±100ppm) (photoautotrophic) and CO2-nonenriched (semi photoautotrophic). The comparison between two conditions showed that, photoautotrophic condition was significantly superior in fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and left area. Stem length was significantly superior in semi photoautotrophic condition when using appropriate supporting materials. The result showed that CO2 –enriched system was a key factor in increasing quality and quantity of in vitro plantlet production. As an alternative accumulated CO2 in surrounding of containers in growth chamber could be used and the way for improvement of conventional micro propagation, when providing gaseous exchange system is not available.

This study investigated physiological response of Caspian locust and River red gum affected by Cadmium sulphide nanoparticles. First we grew one-year old seedlings of two plants in similar conditions. The experiment designed was a randomized complete block with three replications and two concentrations of Cadmium Nano-sulphide (20 and 80 mg/lit) beside the control treatment was conducted in greenhouse. After 30 days sampling was done for plants and the amounts of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, Mallon di-aldehyde and amount of Cadmium sulphide in roots and aboveground parts were measured. Analysis of variance was conducted to test differences and Duncan test for compare means. Results showed that more aggregation of nanoparticles was seen in roots than aboveground parts. Also absorption of nanoparticles in River red gum was more than Caspian locust. The results also showed that increasing the amount of nanoparticles affected the amounts of Mallon di-aldehyde. Amount of chlorophyll was decreased in River red gum while inversely was increased in Caspian locust. In general, the concentrations of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles was studied under this experimental conditions, have many negative effects on Caspian locust. Reducing the amount of sugar and proline in this species, is most likely due to the effect of nanoparticles on creating water stress. In fact, nanoparticles have been indirectly reduced the amount of sugar and proline. While River red gum increased production of sugar and proline to regulate osmotic level. However, plant protection and anti-oxidants may also be involved.

Frankincense, also known as olibanum, is a gum resin collected from trees of the genus Boswellia. The gum resin is produced by trees of various Boswellia species. These plants are middle size trees from Burseraceae family. Commertial olibanum in Iran is obtained from Boswellia carteri and Boswellia serrata that are native of Africa and India, respectively. Boswellic acids (BAs), a group of pentacyclic triterpenic acids are main bioactive principles of the gum resins. Gum olibanum has a long history of use, for example in religious ceremonies and for perfume production. Also it has been traditionally used in the ayurvedic system of medicine as an anticancer, antidiahhroea, memory and learning enhancing. Recently, the investigations demonstrated that gum olibanum has pharmacological properties and clinical effectiveness in various diseases. Present review focuses on pharmacological activities of gum olibanum.

In this research, Eldarican pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) pure stands with two densities were sampled along with a mixed stand with river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) in a systematic randomized design. Quantitative traits of trees including diameter at breast height (dbh), height and crown diameters were measured, followed by calculating the basal area, volume, stability index, crown area and annual increment of quantitative variables. In addition, qualitative traits including forking, twisting and trunk decay were also recorded for each tree. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan tests were applied to analyze data and compare groups. Results indicated a significant difference between stands for all traits except for height and mean height increment.Furthermore, the mixed stand was superior in dbh and its mean annual increment, basal area and its increment, volume and its increment, stability and crown area. Branchless trunk of trees was significantly longer in pure dense stand compared to the others. Most forking and twisting was seen in mixed stand, yet the highest decay was observed for the pure dense stand. Finally, the study concluded that a mixed scenario should be preferred for Eldarican pine due to its better usage of the site capacity, in particular by owing to the fact that mixed stands are considered to be of more sustainability from an environmental and landscape management perspective.

This research was performed to study the effect of Murray red gum tree age (4, 6, 8 years) on the chemical components, viscosity and the cellulose degree of polymerization. The Eucalyptus trees were cut at the ages of 4, 6, and 8 from hand planted forests. The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ash for each age were then determined. The results show that with increasing age the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin increased but the extractives and ash contents decreased. After measuring the viscosity of cellulose solution, the degree of polymerization (DP) was also determined by using the standard equation. The viscosity numbers for 4, 6 and 8 year old trees were 290, 503 and 566 mL/g, respectively, and the DP were 272, 568 and 652, respectively. Finally after analyzing and comparing the results, the age of 8 was found to have best properties for viscose industry. But in order to reduce the forestry and production costs, 6 year old tree instead of 8 could be cut because of the close results in DP and cellulose content.